Climate change impacts : Implications on marine resources and resource users

The warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global mean sea level. The Earth’s average surface temperature has risen by 0.76° C since 1850. Most of the warming that has occurred over the last 50 years is very likely to have been caused by human activities. In its Fourth Assessment Report projects that, without further action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the global average surface temperature is likely to rise by a further 1.8-4.0°C this century, and by up to 6.4°C in the worst case scenario. Even the lower end of this range would take the temperature increase since pre-industrial times above 2°C – the threshold beyond which irreversible and possibly catastrophic changes become far more likely

Know Your Warming Planet-ClimEd Series:1

This instructional material "Know Your Warming Planet" has been developed as a part of the Belmont funded project titled "Global Understanding and Learning for Local solutions: Reducing Vulnerability of marine dependent coastal communities" as a means to create awareness and impart climate change knowledge across the target populace

Geometric scalar theory of gravity

We present a geometric scalar theory of gravity. Our proposal will be described using the "background field method" introduced by Gupta, Feynman and others as a field theory formulation of general relativity. We analyze previous criticisms against scalar gravity and show how the present proposal avoids these difficulties. This concerns not only the theoretical complaints but also those related to observations. In particular, we show that the widespread belief of the conjecture that the source of scalar gravity must be the trace of the energy-momentum tensor - which is one of the main difficulties to couple gravity with electromagnetic phenomenon in previous models - does not apply to our geometric scalar theory. Some consequences of the new scalar theory are explored.Comment: We did some modifications which do not change the content of the tex

Effects of cold rolling (CR) and annealing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of AA 5052 aluminum alloy

In this paper, the influences of cold rolling and annealing time on the microstructure and mechanical behaviors of AA 5052 aluminum alloy were investigated. An aluminum sheet was cold-rolled at room temperature at 15, 30, and 45 % rolling reduction. The 45 % cold-rolled sample was subsequently annealed at 370 °C for 2, 4, and 6 h. The microstructure was observed using optical microscopy whereas the mechanical behaviors were evaluated through hardness and tensile tests. It was found that the equiaxed grains are severely elongated along the rolling direction with increased rolling reduction. The hardness and strength increase significantly with an increase of rolling reduction but the ductility decreases. The annealing treatment reduces hardness and strength but improves the ductility

Effects of cold rolling (CR) and annealing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of AA 5052 aluminum alloy

In this paper, the influences of cold rolling and annealing time on the microstructure and mechanical behaviors of AA 5052 aluminum alloy were investigated. An aluminum sheet was cold-rolled at room temperature at 15, 30, and 45 % rolling reduction. The 45 % cold-rolled sample was subsequently annealed at 370 °C for 2, 4, and 6 h. The microstructure was observed using optical microscopy whereas the mechanical behaviors were evaluated through hardness and tensile tests. It was found that the equiaxed grains are severely elongated along the rolling direction with increased rolling reduction. The hardness and strength increase significantly with an increase of rolling reduction but the ductility decreases. The annealing treatment reduces hardness and strength but improves the ductility

Analisis Variabel Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Spread Harga Saham Pada Industri Manufaktur Di Bursa Efek Jakarta

Spread was differenced between ask-price and bid-price at the capital market. Ask and bid price made by broker. Spread influenced by two factor : assymetry information and competition between the market maker. The higher assymetry information and the strongger competition at the capital market, a lower ask price and a higher bid price, made a lower spread. Dividend anouncement conveys information to the capital market, thereby reducing assymetry information and made a lower spread. As information proxy, we expect market capitalization (firm size) and length of listing. The aim of this research were : (1) to discover the simultaneus and partial relationship between variables, dividend yield, trading volume, return variance, stock price, market capitalization, length of listing and spread. (2) Whose of those variables would give a bigger influenced with spread. Sampel obtained amount to 25 kinds of manufacturer shares traded at the Jakarta Stock Exchange, with purposive tecknical sampling, that was on cash dividend paying and traded on 1999 manufacturer firm. This research used daily stock price at Jakarta Stock Exchange periode of January – Desember 1999. The analysis tools used multiple regression analysis. The result of this research showed that : (1) There was a significanly negative relationship between dividend yield and return variance with spread, a significanly positive relationship between return variance and spread. (2) Stock price was a non significanly negative relationship. (3) There was mulcollinier between trading volume and market capitalization so market capitalization out from the model. (4) Return variance was a bigger influenced with spread. The result was because using 1999th data which economic growth was not stable yet, unstabilyty dividend polecy on the firm and investors behavior differences

Analisis Sikap Konsumen terhadap Atribut Sabun Mandi Biasa di Kota YOGYAKARTA (Studi pada Merek Lux dan Giv)

The study has as its rationale the fact that there are numerous brands of bath soap in the market. The changes of consumer behavior, which influenced by the economy crisis occurred in Indonesia, has suppressed the producers to readjust their marketing programs. It is crucial for the firms to recognize the consumer attitudes on their products in making their marketing programs. The study was aimed at understanding: (1) the consumer attitudes on the bath soaps' (i.e., Lux and Giv brands) attributes, (2) the influence of the consumer's social environment toward the subjective norm in making the purchasing decision on the Lux and Giv, (3) the differential of consumers attitudes on the Lux and Giv. Interview and questionnaire were used to collect data, by using the semantic differential scale method. Fishbein model and Wilcoxon's signed rank test were applied to test the study's results. Results of the study showed that: (1) there was a positive attitude of consumer on both the Lux and Giv. “Aroma”, whereas “prestige” had the lowest positive score for the Giv; (2) the consumer's social environment influenced the subjective norms of consumer in making the purchasing decision of the Lux and Giv. “Family members” was the dominant variable of both the Lux and Giv; (3) there were the differences in the consumer attitude between the Lux and Giv brands. By the differential test for each attribute, then, it was showed that there were the significant differences in the consumer attitude on the product's attributes, except for the “packaging”. Based on the study results and empirical evidences supported by the statistical testing, it is showed that the two bath soap brands have dominate the consumer's mind. Nevertheless, in making their purchasing decision, the consumers have the difference attitudes in assesing those two brands depends on their desires

Analisis Variabel Yang Mempengaruhi Earnings Per Share Pada Industri Food and Baverages Yang Go Public Di Bursa Efek Jakarta

This research aimed at identifying both the simultaneous and partial influence of such variables as: return on equity (X1), net sales (X2), current ratio (X3), debt to equity (X4), inventory turnover (X5), total assets turnover (X6), and net profit margin (X7), on earnings per share. To examine such influence, this research investigated the food and beverages industries listed at the Jakarta Stock Exchange. The sample investigated included: 9 firms of 1992, 15 firms of 1993, 19 firms of 1994, 20 firms for 1995 and 20 firms for 1996. Results of this research indicate some important findings. First, such variables as: return on equity (X1), net sales (X2), current ratio (X3), debt to equity (X4), inventory turnover (X5), total assets turnover (X6), and net profit margin (X7), simultaneously influence the variability of earnings per share. Second, among these independent variables, it was only X5 which did not significantly influence the variability of earnings per share. This finding is highly related to the fact that the food and beverages industry in Indonesia, to ensure the supply and quality of raw material purchased, the firm must help the local suppliers with technical assistance and working capital. The industry is to provide capital or soft loan to maintain sound and beneficial cooperation. On the other hand, raw material for the food and beverages industry, in practice, is influenced by the successful and fail harvest of suppliers. Finally, as a consequence of the constraints faced by food and beverages industry, lack of raw material is evident in a one period and abundance of raw material is evident in another. Accordingly, high inventory turnover did not indicate the firm's efficiency. Among the significantly influencing independent variables net sales (X2) and current ratio (X3) showed negative influence on earnings per share. Negative correlation was found between net sales (X2) and earnings per share and was due to the increase of operating expenses and the number of outstanding stock each year. The increasing number of outstanding stock and net sales (X2) which was not sustained by the efficiency of operating expenses, will decrease the earnings per share. On the other hand, the negative correlation between the current ratio (X3) and earnings per share was due to the increase of current asset components, namely, cash, account receivables, and inventory. This indicates over investment in current assets, which in turn, deteriorates the operating efficiency of the firms

Analisis Sikap Konsumen terhadap Atribut Sabun Mandi Biasa di Kota Yogyakarta

The study has as its rationale the fact that there are numerous brands of bath soap in the market. The changes of consumer behavior, which influenced by the economy crisis occurred in Indonesia, has suppressed the producers to readjust their marketing programs. It is crucial for the firms to recognize the consumer attitudes on their products in making their marketing programs. The study was aimed at understanding: (1) the consumer attitudes on the bath soaps (i.e., Lux and Giv brands) attributes, (2) the influence of the consumers social environment toward the subjective norm in making the purchasing decision on the Lux and Giv, (3) the differential of consumers attitudes on the Lux and Giv. Interview and questionnaire were used to collect data, by using the semantic differential scale method. Fishbein model and Wilcoxons signed rank test were applied to test the studys results. Results of the study showed that: (1) there was a positive attitude of consumer on both the Lux and Giv. Aroma, whereas prestige had the lowest positive score for the Giv; (2) the consumers social environment influenced the subjective norms of consumer in making the purchasing decision of the Lux and Giv. Family members was the dominant variable of both the Lux and Giv; (3) there were the differences in the consumer attitude between the Lux and Giv brands. By the differential test for each attribute, then, it was showed that there were the significant differences in the consumer attitude on the products attributes, except for the packaging. Based on the study results and empirical evidences supported by the statistical testing, it is showed that the two bath soap brands have dominate the consumers mind. Nevertheless, in making their purchasing decision, the consumers have the difference attitudes in assesing those two brands depends on their desires. Keywords : consumer behavior, bath soap attribute